Density specific gravity an overview sciencedirect topics. Operation and calibration of the electronic hydraulic kneading compactor. Specific gravity table typical for metals, minerals and ceramics from reade. Astm d854 14 standard test methods for specific gravity. When working with different wood species, specific gravity sg is an important concept to understand but is not always one that is clearly understood. Method of test for specific gravity and absorption of coarse. Sampling highway materials and products used in the roadway structural sections. Specific gravity of soil test by pycnometer method.
For example, ammonium nitrate has a specific gravity sg of 0. Specific gravity of general materials table csg network. Determination of specific gravity and void ratio of pumice. Specific gravity of common materials material specific gravity kgdm3 acrylonitrylbuthadienestyrene abs 0. D5550 test method for specific gravity of soil solids by gas pycnometer. It is expressed in kgm3 or lbft3 and shows compactness of building material.
Density d the mass or weight per unit volume of a material at a given temperature. Minerals and some other materials specific gravities. Hard copies prior to january 1, 2015 are controlled. Density of construction materials are its mass per unit volume of materials. State materials office florida department of transportation. The specific gravity of soil solids is defined as the weight of soil solids to the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of soil is defined as the unit weight of the soil mass divided by the unit weight of distilled water at 4c. D4753 guide for evaluating, selecting, and specifying balances and standard masses for use in soil, rock, and construction materials testing. Solids and metals specific gravities engineering toolbox. While doing the concrete mix design, we require values such as specific gravity and water absorption of all the materials used sand, aggregates. Bulk specific gravity saturated surface dry gsssd the bulk specific gravity saturated surface dry of a material is the ratio of the weight of a specific.
For example, if youve ever taken your car in for service and the mechanic showed you how small plastic balls floated in your. The ratio of a materials weight to the weight of an equal volume of water bulk specific gravity ssd. Specific gravity is a measure of the relative density of a substance as compared to the density of water at a standard temperature. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship for wood william t. Specific gravity wikipediaspecific gravity is commonly used in industry as a simple means of obtaining information about the concentration of solutions of. This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity of soil solids that pass 4. The specific gravity can tell us, based on its value, if the object will sink or float in our. Specific gravity of some common minerals and other materials engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. The laboratory is not able to discern intent when a higher than normal specific gravity is observed. Specific gravity of various materials, gasses and liquids. Specific gravity values to be used in all asphalt concrete jmf and well graded concrete jmf submittials. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship for wood.
Higher the specific gravity, higher is the strength. Used to determine the solid volume absolute volume of a material going into concrete it is determined b yygg submerging the material in water for 24 hours in order to fill any permeable voids 6 specific gravity water. Glass is a transparent material which is found naturally when rocks high in silicates melt due to very high temperatures and cool rapidly before they can form a crystalline structure. Pure water at 4c the maximum density was chosen as the accepted standard for specific.
Density is also called as unit weight of substance. Specific gravity for various thermoplastic materials raw material description injectoblend grade specific gravity acrylonitrile butadiene styrene abs fabs007 1. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, chapter 3. Determination of specific gravity and void ratio of pumice materials article in geotechnical testing journal 244 december 2001 with 656 reads how we measure reads. Specific gravity is a concept that shows up in a variety of industrial applications, particularly as it relates to fluid dynamics.
This standard is issued under the fixed designation c 127. The specific gravity of all other materials are compared to water as a fraction heavier or lighter density. Both density and specific gravity describe mass and may be used to compare different substances. The specific gravity sg is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of density of the material to the density of water at a specified temperature. The relationship between mass and volume is an important aspect of the characterization and specification of both solids. It is due to higher specific gravity there would be higher compressive strength of aggregates and hence it passes on to the concrete. Since we often assume the density of pure water to be 1. The specific gravity of a geotextile is actually the specific gravity of the raw polymeric material used to. Fundamentals of concrete mix design table of contents. Density specific gravity an overview sciencedirect.
For example, beryllium has a specific gravity sg of 1. This estimate is determined by calculating the effective specific gravity gse using maximum specific gravity gmm and binder content pb. Density of construction materials in kgm3 and lbft3. The specific gravity sg is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of density of the. Specific gravity and weight per cum of construction materials.
Specific gravity can apply to any substance but for the purposes of this article, specific gravity will be examined with reference to various types of wood. Method for installation and use of embankment settlement devices. The density of wood depends on specific gravity and moisture content. Specific gravity materials, gasses and liquids table chart. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Determination of specific gravity of soil solids by. Mass, weight, density or specific gravity of bulk materials. T 85 pdf 245 kb specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate. Specific gravity and weight per cum of construction materials free download as excel spreadsheet.
Physical properties of building materials or construction. This comparison is in the form of ratio and is termed as the specific gravity of the soil. Measurement of water permeability of compacted asphalt paving mixtures. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Some deleterious particles are lighter than the good aggregates. Specific gravity of common materials wilsonelectric. Method of test for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. Specific gravity the ratio of the weight of the molded piece as compared to the weight of an equal volume of water astm d792 polybutylene 0. Similarly, while a specific gravity of less than 1. In effect, it tells how much heavier or lighter the material is than water. Density specific gravity specific gravity is defined by astm d4439 from volume 04. Temperature changes affect the density of water, resulting in differences between density and specific gravity of the material being tested. It is common to use the density of water at 4 o c 39 o f as reference at this point the density of water is at the highest specific gravities sg for common solids and metals can be found in the table below. The specific gravity of aggregates indirectly measures its density.
For nonporous materials the specific gravity and bulk specific gravity are the same. In any list of the physical properties of a sub if determined at 25 c, the specific gravity is stance, its density or specific gravity is usually expressed as 250200 c, 250150 c, or 2504 c. The specific gravity may be expressed as bulk oven dry o. Density represents the degree of compactness of material. Specific gravity is an expression of density in relation to the density of a standard or reference usually water. As specific gravity is just a comparison, it can be applied across any units. E11 specification for woven wire test sieve cloth and test sieves.
Specific gravity wikipediaspecific gravity is commonly used in industry as a simple means of obtaining information about the concentration of solutions of various materials such. Specific weight or specific density varies with temperatyre, pressure, content of. Those materials have a specific gravity more than 1. Determining the optimum asphalt binder content of an opengraded friction course mixture using the pie plate method. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunction with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or. Simpson, research forest products technologist forest products laboratory, madison, wisconsin introduction knowledge about the density of wood is useful for estimating shipping weights. Quantitative determination of asphalt content from asphalt paving mixtures by the ignition method. D6026 practice for using significant digits in geotechnical data. It is some times required to compare the density of the soil solids to the density of water. The specific gravity is the ratio between the density of an object, and a reference substance. California test methods version selection caltrans. Edward walker density, the ratio of massvoume, has many applications in the chemical industry. T 89 pdf 264 kb determining the liquid limit of soils. The specific gravity of all other materials are compared to water as a fraction heavier or fraction lighter density, no matter how small or large the fraction is.
1202 272 270 836 281 1157 936 713 896 165 1076 632 263 293 153 337 499 167 168 48 987 1576 775 1404 1229 1453 630 691 1242 1076 466 676